Between February and March 2025, an enteric disease outbreak affected several villages in Tabaka Ward, South Mugirango Sub-county, Kisii County. A joint investigation team was deployed to determine the source and support response measures. A total of 173 cases were identified, most from Amarondo village. The outbreak primarily affected young people (median age 15), with symptoms such as fever, headache, abdominal pain and chills. Laboratory testing confirmed multiple pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi, pathogenic E. coli, and Norovirus. All tested water sources were contaminated with fecal matter. Evidence indicated a waterborne outbreak linked to the main household water source.

In response, more than 50,000 chlorine tablets were distributed to households, community sensitization campaigns were held, and healthcare workers were trained on case management. Hygiene assessments were also conducted in schools. The investigation noted delays in detection, antimicrobial resistance, limited diagnostics and incomplete documentation in private facilities as key challenges.

Recommendations focused on immediate measures such as continued water treatment, water source protection and surveillance strengthening, as well as long-term actions including safe water infrastructure, sanitation expansion, community-based surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.